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Henry Timberlake (1730 or 1735 – September 30, 1765) was a colonial Anglo-American officer, journalist, and cartographer. He was born in Virginia and died in England. He is best known for his work as an emissary from the British colonies to the Overhill Cherokee during the 1761–1762 Timberlake Expedition. Timberlake's account of his journeys to the Cherokee, published as his memoirs in 1765, became a primary source for later studies of their eighteenth-century culture. His detailed descriptions of Cherokee villages, townhouses, weapons, and tools have helped historians and anthropologists identify Cherokee structures and cultural objects uncovered at modern archaeological excavation sites throughout the southern Appalachian region.〔Schroedel, G.F. (Henry Timberlake ) in (''The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'' ). Retrieved 2012-04-24.〕 During the Tellico Archaeological Project, which included a series of salvage excavations conducted in the Little Tennessee River basin in the 1970s, archaeologists used Timberlake's ''Draught of the Cherokee Country'' to help locate important Overhill village sites.〔Gerald Schroedl and Kurt Russ, "An Introduction to the Ethnohistory and Archaeology of Chota and Tanasee", in ''Overhill Cherokee Archaeology at Chota-Tanasee'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology — Report of Investigations 38, 1986), 12.〕 ==Early life and career== Henry Timberlake was born in Hanover County, Virginia to Francis and Sarah Austin Timberlake. The Dictionary of American Biography states that Timberlake was born in 1730, though Timberlake's age on his marriage license implies that he was born in 1735.〔 Timberlake was a third-generation American; his grandfather had emigrated from England.〔 Although he inherited a small fortune when his father died, Timberlake still had to support himself, and sought a military career.〔Henry Timberlake, Samuel Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs, 1756–1765'' (Marietta, Georgia: Continental Book Co., 1948), 27.〕 In 1756, at the outset of the French and Indian War, he joined a Virginia militia company known as the "Patriot Blues." It had embarked on a campaign to expel French and Native American raiders from the western part of the colony. Shortly thereafter, he applied for a commission in the Virginia regiment—then commanded by George Washington—but was denied due to a lack of vacancies.〔Timberlake, ''Memoirs'', 28-29.〕 In 1758, Timberlake successfully applied for a commission in Colonel William Byrd's recently formed 2nd Virginia Regiment. Commissioned as an Ensign,〔Timberlake, ''Memoirs'', 29.〕 Timberlake accompanied the regiment on its march to Fort Duquesne, but illness kept him from proceeding. In 1759, he took part in several minor operations in the present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area, mostly overseeing the construction of defensive works.〔Timberlake, ''Memoirs'', pp. 30-37.〕 In 1760, British relations with the Cherokee, which had been moderately friendly for several decades, grew sour after several Cherokee chiefs were imprisoned and killed in South Carolina. In early 1760, the Cherokee laid siege to Fort Loudoun, a remote outpost in what is now Tennessee. The garrison held out until August of that year, but was forced to surrender due to lack of provisions. A relief column under Archibald Montgomerie failed to reach the fort after burning the Cherokee Lower Towns and being stopped at the Battle of Echoee. In spite of the garrison leaving the fort under a flag of truce, the Cherokee killed 22 of its members on their march home in retaliation for the colonists' earlier killing of 22 Cherokee held as prisoners at Fort Prince George. In 1761, Jeffrey Amherst, the British commander in North America, responded with a larger invasion force, sending James Grant against the Middle Towns〔Anderson, Fred. ''Crucible of War: The Seven Years’ War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766''. New York: Knopf, 2000, pp. 460-467〕 and sending Byrd to threaten the Overhill towns.〔〔Inez Burns, ''History of Blount County, Tennessee: From War Trail to Landing Strip, 1795–1955'' (Nashville: Benson Print Co., 1957), 6-7.〕 While Byrd proceeded to destroy the Cherokee Middle towns in North Carolina, he dispatched Colonel Adam Stephen into the Holston River valley to attack the Overhill towns. Timberlake accompanied Stephen to Long Island of the Holston (in modern-day Sullivan County, Tennessee), where they began building a base known as "Fort Robinson", and made preparations for a march south.〔Timberlake, ''Memoirs'', 41.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Timberlake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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